Internal-combustion engine.



K.'DOUGAN.- INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 24, I911- RENEWED IAN. I0, I9I8.

Patented Apr. 16, 19125 8 SHEETS-SHEET I.

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K. DOUGAN.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 24, 19H. RENEWED JAN. 10.1918- Patented Apr. 16. 1918.

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INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. APPUCATION HLED JUNE 24, 1911- RENEWED IAN. I0. 1918- 1262,7558. Patented Apr. 16, 1918.

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K. DOUGAN.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. I APPLICATLON FILED JUNE 24, IBM- .RENEWED JAN- 10.1918.

1,262,758 Patented A r. 16, 1918.

8 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

K. DOUGAN.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION men IUNE 24,1911. RENEWED JAN. 10; 19

1,262,758. miim Apr. 16,1918.

W/ 7'NESSES: WVENITOR z 2 i jg a 'finmqfy 20049 K. DOUQAN. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

RENEWED JAN. I0. 1918.

. I I I APPLICATION FILED H JNE 24, I911- v 1 ,,262,'75&u Patented Apr.'16,1 918.

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INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. APPucmou FILED JUNE 24. 1911. RENEWED JANLIO. 1918.

1,262,758. Patented Apr. 16, 1918.

8 SHEETS-SHEET Z- :FJG. 19.

K. nous/m. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. APPLICATlON FILEDJUNE 24. 1911 RENEWED JAN. 10. I918.

'1 ,Q52,?58 PatentedApri 16, 1918.

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my 2.2. I my. 251 E fills fifqrr ey KENNEDY DOUGAN, or rarnnnaroms, MINNESOTA.

INTEnNAL-omvmusr ron ENGINE.

Application filed June 24, 1911, Serial no. 635,206. Renewed January 10, 1918.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, KENNEDY DOUGAN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Minneapolis, in the county of Hennepin and State of Minnesota, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Internal- Combustion Engines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to internal combustion engines and has in view providing an engine of that character in which the force of the explosion within the combustion chamber will operate to raise a weight vertically, the energy thereby accumulated be ing used to perform useful work when the weight falls, such, for instance, as operating the piston of a pump or air compressor .or the stamps in a quartz mill. As at present constructed internal combustion engines cannot be etliciently used in operating pumps or air compressors because such engines are not adapted to a wide variation of speed, while the speed of pumps and air compressors is subject to the widest variation, and it is a feature of this invention that my engine will have an unlimited range in speed regu lation and at the same time the thermal and mechanical eilicien'cy will be uniformly high at whatever speed the engine may run.

A principal object of my invention is to arrange two or more explosive engine units in a frame, connecting the pistons of all said units with the weight to be lifted or a member adapted to lift such weights, and providing valve control sparking. and carbureter mechanism for each unit so coordinated as to cause the engine units to operate in alternative succession, the return of the weight operating member always compressing a charge in the cylinder of one of said engine units while at the same time air or combustion gases or both will be exhausted from the other engine units.

A further object of my invention is to provide centrifugal means for opening the exhaust valves at a point just as the weight reaches the upward limit of its throw, said means correspondingly operating to close said valves just the Wei ht operating means reaches its lower point of movement, the valve operating means for the different engine units being so coordinated that the valve will be closed only intheengine unit in which a charge is being drawn in and Specification of Letters Patent;

Patented Apr. in, 1918.

Serial in). 211,315.

A. further object of my invention comprises means for regulating the number of strokes of the engine per unit of tiinewhich means consists of mechanism adapted to hold the w'eiglit-operating member at the upper limit of its stroke for any desired length of time before the same may fall under the influence of gravity to perform its work. It is also an object of my invention to combine with these means, when the apparatus is used to pump air or water, means subject to the pressure of the receiver for automatically increasing or decreasing the number of stro'kes ofthe engine to maintain said pressure constant at a given degree;

A further object of myinvenaon is to provide means for igniting the compressed charge of whichever engine unit is in the explosion portion of its cycle at a point in the down stroke where the charge should normally beprop-erly compressed and the weight operating means about to stop, ignitiiig contact being determined solely by the fall of the weight-operating means and always taking place at the same point in said descent.

ther objects of my invention to provide novel means for starting and stopping the engine, means for adapting the engine for pumping against high or low pressure, and other features of advantage which will appear in the detailed descriptioii of my in vention and which are particularly pointed out in the claims.

Inthe drawings, illustrating the application of my invention in one form,'

Figure 1 is a side elevation of a portion of my device showing various coordinating parts for operating the same, the cylinders being ordinary single cylinders. Fig. '2 an endelevation of the machine somewhat diagrammatic and on a smaller scale than pressor. Fig. 3 is a similar side elevation partly in section and showing the use of double cylinder engine units. Fig. 4 is a detail View of certain parts shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a detail elevation view in vertical section of the air compressing cylinder, its valves and emergency piston checking means. Fig. 6 is an'enlarged elevation view with some parts'broken away, and Fi 7 a similar plan view of the valve operating means. Figs. 8, 9, 10 and 11 are views of details of the valve operating mechanism. Fig. 12 is a fragmentary diagrammatic view somewhat similar to Fig. 2 showing single cylinder mechanism. Fig. 13 is a View of a modified form of the valve operating slide. Fig. 14: is a fragmentary side elevation and Fig. 15 a front elevation of means for connecting weights to the weight-operating member and releasing the same therefrom at the proper moment in the stroke of the engine. Fig. 16 is a vertical elevation view, partly in section, of a means for regulating the number of strokes of the engine per unit of time. Fig. 17 and Fig. 18 are enlarged sectional elevation and plan views, respectively, of a modified form for regulating the number of strokes which is adapted to be used when the length of the piston stroke is made adjustable. Fig. 17 is a View of a detail of the structure illustrated in Figs. 17 and 18. Fi 19 is a side elevation of the automatic operating mechanism for a magneto and the sparking device, Fig. 20 being a plan partly in section of the same mechanism. Fig. 21 is a diagrammatic representation of the sparking mechanism and connections. Fig. 22 is an elevation view, partly in section, of a modification of the means for regulating the length of the engine stroke shown in Fi 1. Fig. 23 is an enlarged sectional elevation of the device for regulating the length of stroke shown in Fig. 1.

It is well known that the efficiency of explosive engines when used for pumping is very much diminished by reason of the fact that because of the changing condition of pressure within the fluid receptacle the engine speed must be constantly varied and frequently falls much below the maximum for any given stroke. Piston leakage, however, within the pump is always related to the time of the stroke, being least when the time of said stroke is shortest, so that the pumping efhciency will be highest when the engine is working so that each pumping stroke is efiected at the maximum velocity. This is one of the novel and valuable results accompanying the use of my engine in pumping. Every pumping stroke is made at the maximum velocity, since the pumping stroke is produced by the acceleration of gravity upon the weight connected with the pumping piston from the same height for each stroke, and since the governing mechanism provided does not permit the stroke to begin until the pressure of fiuid within the receptacle falls to a point such as to permit action at such maximum velocity. It is also true that the explosion within the cylinder will always take place with a full charge for elevating the weight to the particular height desired and which be exploded until compressed to a certain extent, and in practice this compression will have always progressed to a point where efhcient action results from the explosion.

The main frame of my machine comprises upright members 1 and 2 secured to the floor or other foundation provided for that purpose, said members preferably extending in a substantially vertical direction but approaching one another toward the top, as clearly shown in Fig. 2. Where the engine is designed to be used for pumping or air compressing purposes the cylinder 3 of said pump or air compressor will be mounted centrally between standards 1 and 2, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, and specifically with respect to air compressor mechanism, as shown in Fig. 5, 4 being the piston of the air compressor, 5 a piston rod having thereon an enlarged portion 6 for a purpose hereinafter described, 7 an inlet valve, and 8 a compression valve connected with a pipe 9 leading to a storage receiver, not shown, valves 7 and 8 being of a structure ordinarily employed in air compressor mechanism. he frame members 1 and 2 are formed with inwardly extended lugs or brackets 10 and 11 to which. are secured in vertical position, one above the other, cylinders 12 and 13 by means of clamping lugs 1 1 on said cylinders. 3 shows a double cylinder construction in which cylinder members 15 and 16, of a type similar to that disclosed in my patent application number 474,042, filed January 25, 1909, are used, since it is within the scope of my invention to use an engine of that type as well as an internal combustion engine employing single cylinders such as cylinders 12 and 13, shown in the other figures of the drawings. Se

cured to the top ends of uprights 1 and 2 at 18, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, while the upper end of member 1 is secured to lugs 19 on the side of cylinder 17, as clearly shown in Figs. 1 and Each of cylinders 12 and 13 is provided with a piston having the usual piston rod 21, the lower of said rods being secured, either rigidly or so as to permitfreedom of movement, as desired. to a cross-bar and the upper to a cross-bar of a yoke weight-operating device 24, said yoke being thereby suspended to hang freely between the frame members 1 and 2, preferably at right angles to the plane thereof, as shown. In the form shown in Fig. 3 the double pistons and 26 have both piston rods 27 and 28 thereof secured to said cross-bars 22 and 23, respectively. To the top cross-bar 23 is secured an additional upright U-shaped member 29 which may be formed integrally with the yoke 24, the top cross piece 30 of said member 29 having secured thereto the rod 31 of a piston 32 for a purpose later to be described.

As shown in Fig. 12, I may pivot each of pistons 4, 20, and 32 to piston rods 5, 21. and 31, and also pivot piston rods 21 to cross-bar 22 and 23, respectively, as indicated at 21, but in this construction piston rod 5 will be rigidly secured to weight 33, and piston rod 31 will be rigidly secured to cross-bar 30.

In the form of the engine designed for pumping or air compressing purposes 1 preferably secure directly to the bottom ends of yoke member 24 a weight- 33 which may be large or small inproportion to the cylinders employed and the power to be derived therefrom. The weight may be formed at the lower end thereof with a cylindrical portion 34 having a flat bottom surface adapted to seat within the cylindrical cavity 35 formed by a cup-shaped member 36 held in supporting extensions 37 formed on uprights 1 and 2, as shown in Fig. 5, the member 36 being provided with a guide opening 38 for the piston 5 of the compressor or pumping mechanism. The weight will also be provided with a centrally disposed cylindrical cavity 39 of substantially the same cross sectional area as the enlarged portion (3 of the piston 5, within which the said enlarged portion 6 will be rigidly positioned, so that when the weight falls the piston 4 will be thrust downward compressing air or forcing water, as may be desired, lifting of the weight also lifting the piston and permitting air to enter through valve 7. The cylindrical receiving cavity 39 provides a safety air cushion to prevent accident in case for any reason the weight should drop past the normal limit of its stroke.

A carbureter 40 of ordinary construction is secured upon'the lower end of each cylinder being provided with common valve mechanism 41, the fuel supply" pipe 42 leading to the carburetor having therein a valve 43 in the form of regulating device shown in Fig.

1. This valve has secured thereto an arm 44 normally held in open position by a spring 45, the end of this valve being pivotally connected by a link 46 with a piston 47 operating in an open-topped cylinder 48, all of these parts being secured to frame member 2 by means of a bracket 49. Adjacent the cylinder 48 and secured to the bracket 49 is another cylinder 50 within which works a piston 51 having pivotally connected 'therewitl'i' a rod 52, said rod pivotally connecting at 53 with one arm 54 of a trip pivoted at 55 to a bracket 56 extending from frame member 2. Extending inward from the pivot point 55 the lever 54 is provided withanother arm 56 to which is attached a spring 57 secured to the end of a bracket 58 extending out from the frame member 2. The arm 56 is provided with a foot-like member 59 which extends into the path of a trip 60 adjustably secured to the yoke 24. the adjustment being provided by means of a bolt 61 operating in a slot 62 extending longitudinally of said yoke 'member 24. By means of this bolt and slot the trip 60 may be placed in different positions upon the yoke member 24 so that the same will engage the extension 59 and operate lever 54 at different points in the upward stroke of said yoke member. Cylinders 48 and 50 each contain a certain amount of oil. Two pipes 63 and 64 open into the bottom of cylinder 48, pipe 53 extending directly into the bottom of cylinder 50 and having therein an upwardly opening check valve (55, while pipe 64 enters the cylinder 50 at apoint 66 in the side thereof above the normal upper position of piston 51. The pipe 64 may be provided with a choke Valve 67 to regulate the rate at which oil may flow through said pipe from cylinder 48 into cylinder 50 above piston 51. The piston 51 provided with a downwardly opening valve 68. ln operation. when the charge in the engine cylinder explodes, if the yoke is thrown too far upward. the trip 60 will engage the member 59 and through arm 54 and link force piston 51 downwardly thereby forcing oil from cylinder 50 into cylinder 48 below piston 47 which will lift piston 47 and through link 46 and arm 44 tend to close valve 43 and diminish the supply of fuel to the engine. The oil beneath the piston 47 is prevented from returning through pipe 63 by valve but will flow back through pipe 64 above the piston 51 from which position it may pass through valve 68 below the piston 51. The coeperation of these elements will supply fuel sufficient to keep the stroke of the engine so that trip (it) will reach and slightly actuate arm 56 at nearly very stroke; By shifting the position of the catch 60,011 the yoke the length of the engine stroke may be correspondingly varied. A governing mechanism, such as above described, will, of course, be used in connection with each cylinder or engine'unit.

Exhaust valves 69 and 70 provided on cylinders 12 and 13, respectively, are op erated in coodination by a set of mechanisms shown in detail in Figs. 7 to 11, inclusive, which, being the same for each engine unit, will be described with reference to one only. The valve stem 71 is normally pressed down by spring 72 so as to hold the valve closed,

- as shown in Fig. 8. VJhen in this position the end of the valve stem engages a flat spring 73 secured upon the end of the bracket arm 7 1 on the bottom of the cylinder. h lounted in another bracket '7 5 extending from thebottom of cylinder 13 is a shaft 7 6 carrying a cam 77 having a raised portion adapted to engage the spring 73. This cam has pivotally connected to the inner peripheral portion one end of a link 78 the other end being pivotally connected at 7 9 with one arm 80 of a bell crank pivoted at 81 to a rod or casting 82 extending from the frame member 2, the other arm 83 of said bell crank having an extension 84 which engages within a fork 85 on the end of a lever 86 mounted to slide in a bearing on a bracket 87 secured to frame member 2. The sliding lever 86 is continued upwardly and secured to a member 88 offset in parallel relation with lever 86 and having an upper extension 89 mounted to slide in a bearing within a bracket 90 secured to frame member 2. Member 87 is provided with a series of upwardly pointing ratchet teeth 91, member 88 having a corresponding series of downwardly pointing ratchet teeth 92. A bracket arm 93 is secured to the yoke 24- extending forwardly to a point midway between members 86 and 88, said bracket being provided with a pivotal extension 9 1 vertical with respect to the plane of members 88 and 86, upon which is mounted a double ended pawl 95 the upper and lower ends of which point respectively toward the rack teeth 92 and the rack teeth 91. Pivoted to the pawl 95 at a point 96 at one side of the pivot 9 1 is a link 97 the other end of which is formed with a slot 98 adapted to receive a pin99 on one end of an arm-100 secured to a rock shaft 101 mounted in a long bearing 102 carried by a bracket 103 secured to yoke member 2 1, the other end of said rock shaft having fast thereon an arm 101 having secured to the end thereof by ball and socket joint 105 one end of a governor rod 106. The other, end of rod 106 is connected by ball and socket joint 107 to a lever 108 pivoted at 109 to cross member 23. Movement of lever 108 will, through connecting mechanism just described, opcrate to throw pawl 95 into engagement with rack 92 or rack 91 according to whether neeaves yoke 2 1 is approaching the upper or lower portion of its stroke.

To accomplish this result I have provided centrifugal means operated by and dependent for its operation upon the movement of the said yoke member up or down in the course of its stroke. Secured upon the inner side of frame member is a rack 110 with which engages a pinion 111 upon a shaft 112 mounted in bearings 113 and 111 in arm portions 115, 116, respectively, of a bracket member 117 secured to cross bar 23. A. hub 118 is secured to shaft 112 adjacent to bearing 114, said hub having pivotally connected thereto pairs of links 119 and 120, which links are in turn pivotally connected to oppositely disposed weights 121, 122, the said weights being also pivotally connected to other pairs of links 123 and 124, said last named pairs of links being pivotally connected to a hub 125 formed on a sleeve 126 slidably mounted on shaft 112. Connected to the pivot pins 127 extending through weights 121 and 122 are spiral springs 128 normally tending to draw the weights together and force the sleeve 126 inward on the shaft 112. The sleeve 126 is provided with a collar 130 engaging an annular recess in an enlarged portion 131 on a sleeve 132 mounted to slide freely on shaft 112, said sleeve being held from rotation on said shaft by means of a bifurcated extension 133 on sleeve 132 straddling a web 134- on bracket member 117. Lever 108 is formed with a yoke 135 straddling the shaft 112, and to the independent arms of said yoke are pivoted links 136 and 137, said links in turn being pivotally connected to sleeve 132 at 138, 139, as clearly shown in Fig. 6. Movement'of sleeve 132 on shaft 112 will therefore be communicated to shaft 108 and through connecting mechanism to pawl 95, this movement being caused by the centrifugal action of the weights 122, which will be thrown out as yoke member 24: moves upwardly, but which, near the termination of said stroke, as their rate of revolution diminishes, will be drawn together by the springs 128, finally moving arm 100 so as to effect engagement of pawl 95 with the upper rack 92 and opening the exhaust at the end of the stroke. The bearingsin brackets 87 and 90 are made tight so that member 86 will remain in any given position. The exhaust valve will remain open until the mechanism is positively actuated again through engagement of the lower end of pawl 95 with rack 91, which operation will normally be effected in exactly the same manner, as the yoke 24; and connected pistons reach the termination of the return or falling stroke. The extent of movement of sleeve 132 may be adjusted by means of a hand screw 1 10 threaded into a bearing 14:1 in a bracket 1 12 upon member 117, the end of saidscrew leObeing connected by means of spiral spring 143 with a bifurcated piece 144 pivoted to arm 108 near the point of connection thereof with bracket member 117. Bymanipulatinghand screw 140 the. extent of movement of arm 108 may be resiliently controlled.

Since the engine units forming my device as a whole must remain alternatively inop- 147 on which is a cam member 148, said cam member being in the form of a web or rod entering between the bifurcated ends 149 of a lug 150 011 sleeve 132, the cam 148 being of such shape that each movement of the sleeve 132 backward and forward along shaft 112 will rotate the sleeve through half a revolution or 180 de rees. Fig. 10 shows an end view of cam and connected parts. As

shown, secured to sleeve 147 and cam 148 is an arm 151 to which is pivoted a pawl 152 engaging a two-toothed ratchet 153 formed integrally with a pinion 154 rotatable on shaft 146. Pinion 154 meshes with a gear 155 on a stub shaft 156 mounted in a bearing in bracket arm 145. The gear 155. has thereon a stop member 157 adapted at each revolution of gear 155 to be placed in front of sleeve 132 so as to prevent movement thereof inward'beyond a certain point. Cam 148 is so formed that the first portion of the inward movement of sleeve 132 will operate, through pawl 152 and ratchet 153, to rotate gear 155 a half revolution, the pin and slot connection 99, 98 of arm 100 with lever 97 permitting this movement without actuation of pawl 95. If stop 157 is thereby brought into operative position with respect to the inner end of sleeve 132 said inner end will engage the stop and further movement of the sleeve will thereby be prevented thus preventing operation of pawl 95 during that stroke of the cycle. When sleeve 132 is drawn out through the centrifugal action of plates 121 and 122 action of bifurcated lug 150 upon cam 148 will swing arm 151 back a half revolution bringing pawl 152 into engagement with the other tooth of ratchet 153 whereby upon the return of sleeve 132 gear 155 and stop 157 carried thereby are rotated a further half revolution thusj taking the stop out of the path of movement of sleeve 132 and permitting said sleeve to operate pawl 95 and through it the sliding member 86 and valve on both the upward and descending strokes of the engine and yoke 24.

The stops 157 are differentially placed in the valve operating mechanism of each en-' gine unit so that said valves will be rendered operative or inoperative in successive timed relation in accordance with the position in the cycle of operation of the entire engine. If more thantwo engine units wer eused a 70 plurality of stops 157 would be provided the 2' position of which and the movement thereof by means of cam 148 and pawl 152 would be timed and regulated to bring about tlie operation of each engineunit at the proper time in the entire cycleof operation. I

A modified form of theslide for operating the valves is shown in Fig. 13. In this modification the bracket 93 and operating link 94 are as shown in the preferred form, lower slide lever 158 having a fork 159 for engaging member 84 on bell crank83. In place of the simple bearings in brackets 87 and antifriction rollers 160 are provided between which lo'wer arm 158 and upper? arm 161 travel, other antifriction rollers 160, being provided to engage the outer sides of the oppositely disposed portions of arms 158 and 161, the whole device being held in balanced condition by means of the weighteo 162 pivoted to the frame at 163 and pivotally connected by means of link 164 with the valve operating slide. In place ofthe pawl 95 a member 165 is centrally pivoted to the bearing portion 94 of arm 93, said 95 member in turn being pivotally connected at 166 with link 97. The member. 165 is formed to be a little shorter through its longest dimension than the distance between the oppositely disposed portions of arms 1'58. 106 and 161, which portions are slightly ofiset laterally, asshown at 167 and 168. The mechanism is shown in Fig. 13 as operative on the return stroke of the engine. The rounded end of the pivot member 165 10,5 engaging the oflfset portion 168 of the lever arm will have just sufficient grip thereon to slide the same sufiiciently to operate the valve.

The ignition or sparking device may begl 10 of any approved type, but eflicient device for the purpose isshown in Figs.- 19 to 21,,inclusive. In Fig; 21 the magneto 169, battery 17 0, wiring 171, and circuit closing switch 172 are diagrammatically shown. 115, As shown, the magneto 169 is secured upon a bracket 173 extending from frame member 2. The main support for the magneto and operating parts comprises a base 174 which. is. bolted to the bracket and wh ch 120 carries an upstanding bearing member 175; having near the upper end thereof a bear ing 176 for a shaft 177 a pair of, additional upstanding members 178 providing bear ings for shaft 17 9 which operatesthe mag 125, neto proper 169. On the shaft 177 is a spur gear 180 meshing with a pinion 181 on the shaft 179. Secured to gear 180 so as to ro-. tate therewith by means of sleeve 182 isa ratchet wheel 183, and this ratchet wheel 136.

having thereon a stub shaft 188 upon whichis mounted a roller 189 in the pathof movement of a plate cam 190 secured by bolts 191 to yoke member 21. A spring 192 is secured to a lug or pin 193 on arm 185 the other end of the spring being secured to a pin 19a on an upwardly extending arm 195 formed upon a bracket extension 196 of the member 178, this s1 ring operating normally to hold pawl arm 195 retracted and roller 189 beneath the operative cam edge 197 of cam 190. When near the bottom of its stroke said cam edge 197 will engage roller 189 swinging arm 187 into the position shown in dotted lines and through the action of pawl 18% on arm 185 upon ratchet wheel 183 operating to turn said ratchet wheel and with it the spur gear 180 by which the magneto shaft 179 will be rapidly rotated to generate the charge required for an ignition spark. To insure that contact shall be made at the right point for igniting the charge when the same has reached the proper state of compression, switch 172 is mounted upon a short arm 198 on a rock shaft 199 carried in bearings in an arm 200 secured to frame member 1. Upon the in ner end of rock shaft 199 is another arm 201 having on the end thereof a weight 202 and a cam roller 203 intermediate the weight and rock shaft, said cam roller being mounted on a stub shaft 204 extending outwardly from arm 201 so as to bring cam roller 203 into the plane of a long straightsided cam 205 mounted upon the inner edge of yoke member 2 1. The cam 205 is provided with a cam surface 206 at such a point relatively on the yoke 24 that roller 203 may descend along said cam surface, as indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 19, with the result that adjustable contact pin 207 will reach contact 208 to close the circuit and cause a spark at the moment when the yoke should have reached the point in its descent where the charge is properly compressed and ignition should take place.

The cylinder 17 heretofore referred to may be of the form shown in Fig. 16 or that shown in Fig. 17. In the form shown in Fig. 16, which is the one of practical use for ordinary purposes, the cylinder 17 is really composed of the central portion 209 larger than piston 32 except for a shortspace, as shown at 210, andtwo side cylinders or bypass passages 211 and'212, respectively. Passage 211 is provided with a valve 213 opening downwardly while passage 212 is provided with a choke valve 21 1 controlled by an arm 215, said arm being fast on the valve stem 214, as shown in to frame member 1.

Fig. 1. The arm 215 has pivoted to the'end thereof at 216 a link 217 connected wit. the piston in a cylinder 218 which cylinder may be supported by a bracket 219 secured The cylinder may either be above valve 214:, as shownin Fig. 16, or below, as shown in Fig. 1. Cylinder 218 forms a closed chamber and is connected by means of pipe 220 with the air receiver'of the pump or air compressor, the pipe entering cylinder 218 on that side of the piston away from the side which is connected to link 217 the three compartments 210, 211 and 212 are filled with oil to near the upper ends thereof. W hen the yoke 2 1 is driven upward through passage 209 any oil carried up into the common passage-way 221 connecting the three chambers will pass downward through valve 213. The piston.

32 fitting tightly in the diminished portion 210 of passage 209 will be held up and thus operate to hold up yoke 24: by oil trapped beneath said piston and the valve 213, unless valve 214 is open sufficiently to permit oil to flow upward by that route, until piston 32 comes into the enlarged portion of passage 209, when it will, of course, be entirely free to fall. The pressure communicated to closed cylinder 218 through pipe 220 may be suflicient wholly to close valve 214, in which case piston 32 and the parts connected thereto will be held in their upper position until pressure in cylinder 218- diminishes sufhciently to allow valve 21 1 to open.

In the form of device for controlling the strokes of the engine shown in Figs. 17 and 18, cylinder 17 is also provided with the double valve construction. The cylinder is divided centrally by a diaphragm 222 through which is secured an interior cylinder 223 in which piston 32 works tightly. Diaphragm 222 is provided with aseries of downwardly opening valves 2241 held in their raised positions by means of springs 225 encircling the valve stems and positioned between caps 226 on said valve stems and a projecting flange 227 on the interior of cylinder 17. The diaphragm 222 is addi tionally provided with a cylindrical opening 228 above which and having itsinner diameter conincident therewith, extends a cylindrical cap 229 closed at the top but provided with openings 230 in the walls thereof, some of said openings extending into the upper portion of cylinder 17 above diaphragm 222 while other of said oaenings enter the cylinder 223, as shown. Adapted to close the openings 230 is a tubularslide valve 231, said valve operating inthe cylindrical member 229 and being provided with oppositely disposed openings 232. Pivoted at 233 to a cross member 23 within the slide valve 231 is a link 235, the lower end of which is pivoted at 236 to an arm 237 on a rock shaft 238 journaled in bearings in the walls of cylinder 17. Said rock shaft extends without cylinder 17 and has fast on an end thereof a double ended lever 239, the ends 240 and 241 of said lever bein offset, as shown in Fig. 17, and being pivotally connected to rods 242 and 243,1-espectively, rod pivotally connecting with a piston 244 working in a cylinder 245 carried by a bracket 246 extending from cylinder 17, wailerod 243 is pivotally con nected at 247 with a cam actuating member 248 pivotally mounted on a' stub shaft 249 extending from frame member 2. The member 248 is provided with a cam portion 250 which may extend into the path of a roller 251 on an arm 252 pivotally mounted at 253 upon the yoke member 24, arm 252 having an extension 254 which engages a stop 255 on yoke member 24 for limiting swinging movement of said arm 252 in one direction while permitting such movement in the op posite direction.

In the position of the parts shown in Fig. 17 the yoke member 24 has reached the upper limit of its stroke, cam member 250 has been actuated and through connections described has caused slide valve 231 to close openings 230. The lower portion of cylinder 17 below diaphragm 222 is full of oil, oil brought up by the upward stroke of piston 32 into the upper portion of said cylinder passing downward through valves 224. Since the piston 32 fits tightly in cylinder 223 the oil. trapped beneath the same will hold piston and connected parts in raised position until tubular valve 231 opens passages 230. The piston 244 has connector thereto a rod 256, said rod hav'ingon the lower end thereof a piston 257 fitting tightly into a short cylinder 258 which is expanded into a lower portion 259 of materially greater diameter than piston 257. A pipe 260 forms a by-passopening into the con-- tracted cylinder 258 and enlarged portion 259 of this cylinder, said pipe being provided with a hand operated choke valve 261 and a valve 262 controlled by an arm 263 similar to valve 214 and arm 215. Upon a bracket264 secu ed to frame member 1v a closed cylinder 265 is provided connecting by-pipe 26-6 to the compression chamber of the pump or air compressor. A piston within cylinder 265 connected by link 267 with an arm 268 pivoted at 269 to a member 270 fast on cylinder265, said arm 268 being provided with a fork 271 engaging a pin 272 on arm 263. d hen the pressure within the air compressor is sufficient to hold valve 262 closed the parts will remain in the position shown in Fig. 17 with piston 32 and parts carried thereby in raised position. When said pressure relaxes permitting valve '262to open, the oil trapped in cylinder 259 may pass through pipe 260 above piston 257 which will permit said piston and piston 244 to fall (rapidly after piston 257 comes into enlarged cylinder 259) thereby causing slide valve 231 to opeir ports 230 and permit piston 32 and parts carried thereby to descend.

In Figs 22 is shown a modification of the means for regulating the length of the stroke. In this modification cylinders 48 and 50, piston 47 and rod 46 connecting the same to the valve operating; arm 44, together with pipe 63 connecting the bottoms of the two cylinders and upwardly opening valve 65 in pipe 63 are or may be identical in structure with the parts described with reference to the other form. Cylinder 50 is, however, provided with a cap 273, closing the top of the cylinder excepting for a pipe 274 opening into said cylinder and into'a cylinder 275 secured to bracket. 56. The cylinder 27 5 is open at the bottom, and adapted to operate therein is a piston 276 upon a rod 277 threaded at 278 and adapted to be secured in adjusted position on a lug 279 on yoke 24 by means of a hand n-ut 280'. Cylinder 50 is filled with oil and the lower portion thereof is connected with the lower portion of cylinder 48 by a pipe 281 whichextends through a valve 282 for regulating the rate of return of: oil from below piston 47 to cylinder 50. Oil may also flow into cylinder 50 from above piston 47 through pipe 283 having therein. an upwardly opening'valve 284. The operation of this formof fuel supply governor is substantially the same as that already described. The piston 276 enters cylinder 27 5. when the stroke is too long forcing air through pipe 274 into cylinder 50 and thereby forcing oil through pipe 63 beneath piston 47 to cause arm 44 to operate valve 43 to cut off or lessen the fuel supply. When the stroke is too short oil will pass back from beneath piston 47 through pipe 281 allowing piston 47 to descend and through connected parts operate valve 43 to increase the fuel supply Where it is desirable to lift weights independently of the yokemember 24, as, for example, in stamp mills, I may provide a weight 285 upon a rod 286 mouutedtoslide in bearings in a frame 287, said rod havinga bar 288 at right angles thereto adapted to be engaged by books 289 on a series of lovers 290 depending from a shaft or stub 291 mounted in an extension on frame member 24, the hooks 289 on said arms being difl erentially placed so as certainly to engage the bar 288 on the rod 286. The

upper ends of levers 290 are formed with cam extensions 293 adapted to engage a wide roller 294 on a bracket 295 extending from cylinder 12 or frame members 1 or 2.

As the yoke member rises one or the other of'hooks 289 will catch on bar 288 thereby lifting weight 285. When member 24 reaches the upper end of its stroke the cam portion 293 of levers 290 will be engaged by rollers 29% thereby throwing the hook away from bar '288 and permitting weight 285 to drop. 7

In Figs. 2 and a I have shown a means for holding my mechanism inoperative, which also comprises a means for starting and stopping the engine. Pivoted to the frame member 1 at 296 is a bifurcated member 297 having arms 298- and 299 extending to either side of frame member 1 and normally held inwardly on said frame member by projecting spring 300. The arms 298 and 299 are provided with inwardly extending lugs 301 adapted to seat in cavities 302 formed in weight 33. The upper ends of arms 293 and 299 project outwardly, as shown at 303, and carry a pivot pin 30% on which is pivotally mounted a lever 305 having an eccentric head 306 engaging the side of frame member 1. By swinging the lever 305 down lugs 301 will be withdrawn from cavities 30:2 when weight 33 and yoke 24 will descend and the engine will thereby be started. When it is desired to stop the engine the lever 305 can be drawn upward, as indicated in dotted lines, which will permit lugs 301 to enter cavities 302 and sustain all of the parts in raised inoperative position.

The operation of the various features of my invention and the manner in which they are coordinated to produce'the desirable results obtained have been fully given in connection with the detail description thereof and will be readily understood when considered in connection with such description and in relation to the drawings hereto appended.

I claim:

1. A force pump piston free to reciprocate variable distances and non-synchronously, a power weight moving in unison therewith and operating by gravity due to its inherent weight to move said piston against the resistance of theliquid in a direction to deliver liquid, and a fluid expansion motor having a piston movable variable distances in unison with the pump piston for elevating the weight and moving the pump piston reversely.

2. A force pump plant embodying a pump cylinder and piston, a vertically reciprocatory mass of sufficient weight to effeet by its descent under the influence of gravity alone the delivery stroke of the pump against the resistance of the liquid, and an internal combustion motor cylinder and piston connected with said weighted mass and free to reciprocate variable dis tances and non-synchronously to elevate the same without defining its upward range of movement or increasing its rate of descending movement, whereby the upward sufficient weight to perform by its descent under the influence of gravity alone the de-v sired work in overcoming the resistance of and delivering fluid to be pumped, a power motor cylinder and piston connected therewith and adapted to elevate said weighted mass, the upward movement of said weighted mass being controlled entirely by the.

motor and the downward movement of said mass being controlled independently of said motor, whereby no isochronous relation ex ists between the said movements.

4. In a pumping mechanism, the combination with a fluid pump embodying a reciprocatory member, a weight connected with said reciprocatory member for imparting the delivery stroke thereto solely by the force of gravity, a single acting engine connected with said weight and reciprocatory member for elevating the weight and restoring the reciprocatory' member, and means independent of said engine and weight for controlling the descent of the weight under the influence of gravity.

5. In a pumping mechanism, the combination of a fluid pump embodying a variable stroke reciprocatory member, a weight associatedwith the said reciprocatory member and movable therewith distances corresponding to variable strokes of said member and adapted by reason of its inherent weight to operate said member in one direetion against the resistance of the fluid being pumped, and a single acting engine having a reciprocatory member with a variable stroke in accord with the stroke of the pump member for elevating the weight to thereby store energy for efiecting the reverse movement of the pump member.

6. In combination, a variable stroke reciprocating weight, fluid pumping means,

connections between said means and said weight whereby said fluid pumping means is operated by the descending weight at a speed proportionate to the difference between the resistance being pumped against and the force exerted upon said weight by gravity, and internal combustion engine, and means connecting said engine and said weight, the construction being such that the weight is raised by the power stroke of said engine against the force ofgravity to a variable height proportionate to the energy expended thereon.

7. An explosive engine comprising a plurality of engine units, and a single reciproeating member to which the pistons of all of said units are connected, a magneto, a circuit closer, means on the reciprocating member for operating the magneto, and other means on the reciprocating member for releasing the circuit-closer, said sets of means operating in timed relation to ignite a charge in any cylinder of said engine units at a point in the reciprocation of said member at which the charge is properly compressed.

8. An explosive engine comprising a pluralit of engine units, and a single reciproeating member to which the pistons of all of said units are connected,-a fuel supply governor, and means on the reciprocating member to operate said governorto regulate the length of stroke of said reciprocating member.

9. An cxplosiveengine comprising a plurality of engine units, and a single reciprocatin member to which the pistons of all of said units are connected, a fuel supply governor, means on the reciprocating member to operate said governor to regulate the length of stroke of said reciprocating member, and means to adjust said regulating means to vary said length of stroke.

10. An explosive engine comprising a plurality of engine units, and a single reciprocating member to which the pistons of all of said units are connected, an ignition system, means on the reciprocating member for operatingsaid system, and means on the reciprocating member for effecting operation of the exhaust valves of the engine units, a fuel supply governor, and means on the reciprocating member to operate said governor to regulate the length of stroke of said reciprocating member.

11. An explosive engine comprising a plurality of engine units, and a single membcr reciprocable through variable distances to which the-pistons of all of said units are connected, and means, including a member carried by said reciprocable member, for regulating the rate of reciprocation of the engine.

12. An explosive engine comprising a plurality of engine units having the cylinders thereof arranged in a vertical line, a single reciprocating member to which the pistons of all of said engine units are connccted, a governor cylinder, a piston connected with said reciprocating member and working in said governor cylinder, said piston in the governor cylinder operating to retard return reciprocation of said member, and pressure controlled means for releasing said last named piston to regulate the rate of reciprocation of the member.

13. An explosive engine comprising a plurality of engine units, a single reciprocating member to which the pistons of all of said units are connect-ed, a fuel supply governor and means on the reciprocating member to operate said governor to regulate the length of stroke of said reciprocatand connections on the the valve gear.

ing member and ignition system and means on the reciprocating member for operating said system, means on said reciprocating member forope ating the ex'h aust valves of the engineunits, and means including a member carried by said. reciprocating men1- her for regulating its rate of reciprocation.

19:. An explosive engine comprising a frame and cylinder vertically mounted therein, the piston rod of said cylinder working upwardly, a weight-operating yoke mounted for reciprocation in said frameand having said piston rod secured thereto, a fuel supply governor, including a member on said yoke and a pair of connected cylinders secured to said frame, a piston working in one of said cylinders having,

connections for controlling said fuel supply, a piston working in the other of said cylinders having connections whereby said second piston may be operated by said member on the oke and a fluid in both of said cylinders and valves to control the flow thereof for transmitting impulses from said second piston to said first piston.

15. An explosive engine comprising a frame and cylinder vertically mounted therein, the piston rod of said cylinder working upwardly, a weight-operating yoke mounted for reciprocation ,in said frame and having said piston rod secured thereto,

a magneto secured to the frame having an same, a long cam on said yoke, a gravity operating switch centrally pivoted on the frame and having a roller engaging said long cam, said cam being formedfto permit said roller to drop therefrom and the switch to operate at a point in the descent of the yoke at which the charge in the cylinder will be properly compressed.

17. An explosive engine comprising a frame and cylinder vertically mounted therein, the piston rod of said cylinder working upwardly, a weight=operating yoke mounted for reciprocation in said frame and having said piston rod secured thereto, an exhaust valve, a valve gear for operating the exhaust valve, and centrifugal means y fo seat n An e p o e en ine compri in e frame and cylinder vertically mounted v and connections from said slide for operatv ing the exhaust valve, an oscillating member on the yoke for engaging the slide, and centrifugal means on the yoke having connections to the oscillating member for causing said oscillating member to-engage the slide near the end of the stroke of said yoke.

19. An explosive engine comprising a frame and cylinder vertically mounted therein, the piston rod of said cylinder working upwardly, a weight-operating yoke mounted for reciprocation in said frame and having said piston rod secured thereto, an exhaust valve, a toothed slide and connections for operating the exhaust valve, a pivoted dog adapted to engage and operate said slide, and centrifugal means on the yoke and connections to operate the dog.

20. An explosive engine comprising a frame and cylinder vertically mounted therein, the piston rod of said cylinder Working upwardly, a weight-operating yoke mounted for-reciprocation in said frame and having said piston rod secured thereto, an exhaust valve, a slide having upper and lower sets of oppositely disposed teeth thereon and having connections to operate the exhaust valve, a centrally pivoted double dog the opposite ends of which are adapted to engage said upper and lower sets of teeth, respectively, and centrifugal means on the yoke and connections to operate the do 21. An explosive engine comprising a frame and cylinder vertically mounted therein, the piston rod of said cylinder working upwardly, a weight-operating yoke mounted for reciprocation in said frame and having said piston rod secured thereto, an exhaust valve, a slide and connections to ope ate the exhaust valve, pivoted means adapted to engage the slide, a shafton the yoke, means on the frame for rotating said shaft during reciprocation of the yoke, a centrifugal member rotatable with the shaft, a sleeve slidable on the shaft connected with and adapted to be slid along said shaft by said centrifugal member, and connection from said sleeve to said pivoted means. 7

22, An explosive engine comprising a frame and cylinder vertically mounted therein, the piston rod of said cylinder working upwardly, a weight-operating yoke mounted for reciprocation in said frame and having said piston rod secured thereto, an exhaust valve, a valve gear for operating the exhaust valve, centrifugal means and connections on the yoke for operating the valve gear, and means to render said centrifugal means inoperative to operate the valve gear on alternate strokes of the engine.

An explosive engine comprising a frame and cylinder vertically mounted therein, the piston rod of said cylinder working upwardly, a weight-operating yoke mounted for reciprocation in said frameand having said piston rod secured thereto, an exhaust valve, aslide and connections to operate the exhaust valve, pivoted means adapted to engage the slide, a shaft on the yoke, means on the frame for rotating said shaft during reciprocation of the yoke, a centrifugal member rotatable with the shaft, a sleeve slidable on the shaft connected with and adapted to be slid along said shaft by said centrifugal member, connections from said sleeve to said pivoted means, a stop,and

means to bring said'stop into the path of movement of saidsleeve to prevent opcraation of said pivoted means on each alternate stroke of the engine.

2%. An explosive engine comprising a frame and cylinder vertically mounted therein, the piston rod of said cylinder working upwardly, a weight-operating yoke mounted for reciprocation in said frame and having said piston rod secured tiereto, an oil receptacle mounted in the frameabove said cylinder comprising a cylinder, a piston connected with said yoke working in said .lastnamed cylinder, means for trapping oil beneath said piston to hold the same and the yoke suspended, and means for releasing said trapped oil to permit the yoke to descend gravity.

An explosive engine comprising a frame and cylinder vertically mounted therein, the piston rod of said cylinder working upwardly, a weight-operating yoke mounted for reciprocation in said frame and having said piston rod secured thereto, an oil receptacle mounted in the frame above said cylinder comprising acylinder formed with a contracted portion near the upper end thereof and being gradually expanded above said contracted portion and expanded at right angles to an element of said cylinder below said contracted portion, a piston connected with said yoke working in said last In testnnony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

I KENNEDY DOUGAN; Witnesses F. A. #VHITELEY, H. A. BOWMAN.

@opiee or this patent may baebcained fer five. cents each, by addressing the f omniissiener o l Wastzingtenn. a 

